A Potential Vaccine for Acne Shows Promise

Student summary by Olivia Liu

Original Source:  Julia Busiek, University of California, April 16, 2024

https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/vaccine-acne-uc-discovery-shows-promise

Image created by Olivia Liu

Abstract

Background: Around 85% of the human population has either experienced or will experience acne in their lives. Acne (also known as pimples) has caused social stigma and has been linked to mental health problems. Many people in the world are currently attempting to find a treatment for acne. However, the many causes of acne are complex, which creates a roadblock for scientists trying to find a cure.

Objective: Dr. Liu and his team of researchers from UC San Diego wanted to understand why some people are able to avoid severe acne while others struggle with it for several years. After identifying one contributing factor, they wanted to develop a vaccine targeting the harmful bacterial enzyme involved.

Method: Dr. Liu’s team collected human sebum, applied it to lab mice, and injected those mice with two different strains of C. acnes bacteria.

Results: Dr. Liu’s team was able to identify a strain of bacteria called C. acnes that contributes to acne. C. acnes bacteria have the ability to produce an enzyme called hyaluronidase. This enzyme comes in two different types: Hyl-A and Hyl-B. Hyl-A breaks down hyaluronic acid in a way that promotes inflammation and acne formation. Hyl-B breaks down hyaluronic acid differently and is less associated with inflammation. After discovering this difference, the researchers were able to create vaccines targeting Hyl-A. This vaccine helped reduce inflammation by blocking Hyl-A in laboratory models.

Conclusion: If the acne vaccine becomes available in the future, many teenagers may have the opportunity to reduce severe acne. It could help improve both skin health and overall well-being.